Covey - Court of Appeal

GROUNDS OF APPEAL

1. The Divisional Court erred in law and denied the Appellant natural justice by refusing him permission to address the court after 11.50 am on the 4 day of October 2000.

2. The Divisional Court thereby cutting in half the Appellant’s submissions relating to the various actions that the Claimant had alleged were vexatious including those relating to the Co-Operative Insurance Society and denied him an opportunity of fully addressing the issues raised in his Skeleton Argument.

(See Witness Statement of Appellant and transcript of judgment of the Divisional Court at paragraphs 6-7)

3. In the premises the Appellant was not given a full and fair opportunity of being heard as required by the provisions of section 42(1) of the Supreme Court Act 1981 with the result thereof that the said Civil Proceedings Order applicable to him is a nullity and made without and/or in excess of jurisdiction and should be set aside ex debito justitiae.

4. As a result thereof the hearing of the Claimant’s application against the Appellant was in held in breach of schedule 1 article 6(1) of the Human Rights Act 1998 in that the Appellant was denied a “fair”-------“hearing”.

5. The hearing of the application for a “Civil Proceedings Order” before the Divisional Court against the Appellant was not before a “fair” and “independent and impartial tribunal” in breach of schedule 1 article 6(1) of the of the Human Rights Act 1998 because :-

(a) The Law Officers or their predecessors had been consulted regarding the appointment of both judges to the High Court bench.

(b) The Law Officers or their predecessors were members of the government as was the Prime Minister and his predecessor and the Lord Chancellor and his predecessor who also made recommendations regarding the appointment of both the Right Honourable Lord Justice Buxton and the Honourable Mr Justice Penry-Davey to the High Court bench and made recommendations to the Prime Minister and his predecessor who thereafter made recommendations to Her Majesty the Queen regarding the appointment of the Right Honourable Lord Justice Buxton as a Lord Justice of Appeal.

(See transcript of judgment of the Divisional Court at paragraph 5)

6. The Appellant was denied “natural justice” by the Divisional Court declining to supply him as a result of his specific request with a copy of the “Bench Memo and/or summary” and/or “secret briefing” prepared for the court by the Crown Office lawyer and/or judicial assistants and/or by declining to inform him of its contents.

(See transcript of judgment of the Divisional Court at paragraph 10)

7. The Appellant was thereby denied the opportunity of being in a position to know adverse details of any comments made against him to his prejudice and of being able to make adequate or full representations in rebuttal thereby.

8. In the premises the Appellant was denied “natural justice” thereby as a result of the judges comprising the Divisional Court hearing the application against him having been secretly briefed by officials for and on behalf of the Lord Chancellor the head of the Judiciary.

9. As a result thereof the hearing of the Claimant’s application was neither “fair” nor heard by an “independent and impartial tribunal” in breach of schedule 1 article 6(1) of the Human Rights Act 1998.

10. The Divisional Court erred in law in although holding that the Appellant’s “civil proceedings” had been vexatious failing to further consider whether they had been habitual and persistent and without “any reasonable ground” as required by section 42(1) of the Supreme Court Act 1981.

(See transcript of judgment of the Divisional Court at paragraph 58)

11. The Divisional Court further erred in law in although holding that the test as defined in Attorney-General -v- Barker (2000) FLR 759 may not in all cases have been strictly satisfied the relevant test was not to be read literally and did not “set down an exhaustive definition to be read as if it were a statute”.

(See transcript of judgment of the Divisional Court at paragraphs 56-58)

12. The Divisional Court erred in taking into account whether the Appellant’s civil proceedings were vexatious the fact that there had been delays in instituting them when they had all been instituted within the respective time limits set out in the Limitation Act 1980.

(See transcript of judgment of the Divisional Court at paragraph 77)

13. The Divisional Court erred in law in making the Civil Proceedings Order against the Appellant for an indefinite period under section 42(2) of the Supreme Court Act 1981 without specifically inviting and/or giving the Appellant an opportunity of addressing the court in relation to the said issue.

(See transcript of judgment of the Divisional Court at paragraphs 93-95)

14. As a result thereof the hearing of the Claimant’s application against the Appellant was in held in breach of schedule 1 article 6(1) of the Human Rights Act 1998 in that the Appellant was denied a “fair”-------“hearing”.

15. In the premises the Appellant was thereby denied “natural justice” by being denied “audi alteram partem” in respect of that specific issue and the making of the said Civil Proceedings Order against him is thereby rendered a nullity and should be set aside ex debito justitiae.

16. In particular the Divisional Court failed to apply its mind to the applicability of the correct tariff in respect of the Appellant seriatim relating to whether his alleged vexatious “civil proceedings” constituted :-

(a) The least serious case not meriting an indefinite order.

(b) Middle of the road case not meriting an indefinite order.

(c) The worst and most serious case scenario meriting an indefinite order.

17. In respect of the Appellant this did not merit an indefinite order in any event under section 42(2) of the Supreme Court Act 1981 as it did not constitute the most serious and worst case scenario and the Divisional Court completely failed to apply its mind to this factor at all.

18. The Divisional Court further wrongly exercised its discretion in making the Civil Proceedings Order against the Appellant which was disproportionate in effect by barring the bringing of further actions in the future by him without the prior leave of the High Court which might be wholly unrelated to the actions taken into account by the Divisional Court and their subject matter.

(See transcript of judgment of the Divisional Court at paragraphs 93-97)

19. In the premises the making of indefinite the Civil Proceedings Order against the Appellant was rendered “Wednesbury” unreasonable and/or illegal and/or irrational and/or perverse and an unfair determination of his civil rights under schedule 1 article 6(1) of the Human Rights Act 1998 when the Divisional Court ought to have utilised alternative remedies by way of Injunctions under section 37(1) of the Supreme Court Act 1981 and/or the inherent jurisdiction of the court.

20. The making of the Civil Proceedings Order against the Appellant under section 42(1) of the Supreme Court Act 1981 was and the making of such Orders generally are in breach of schedule 1 article 6(1) and 10(1) of the Human Rights Act 1998 for the following reasons :-

(a) The measure is not “established by law” and/or “prescribed by law” as the criteria for making such Orders of “instituting vexatious civil proceedings” “habitually and persistently and without reasonable ground” under section 42(1)(1)(a)(b)(c) of the Supreme Court Act 1981 are too vague and undefined.

(b) The provisions of section 42(1)(1)(a)(b)(c) of the Supreme Court Act 1981 therefore lack sufficient certainty and reasonable foreseeability.

(c) The consequences of the making of a Civil Proceedings Order are not “established by law” and/or “prescribed by law” as the criteria for granting subsequent leaves unless the High Court is satisfied that the proceedings or application are not an abuse of the process of the court in question and that there are reasonable grounds for the proceedings or application under section 42(3) of the Supreme Court Act 1981 are too vague and undefined.

(d) Furthermore the High Court hearing an application under section 42(3) of the Supreme Court Act 1981 is merely conducting a summary investigation of the relevant civil proceedings in question and cannot investigate factual issues and merits.

(e) The High Court is given power to prevent civil proceedings from being instituted or continued or applications made in them relating to courts other than the High Court up and to the House of Lords.

(f) The granting of such leaves under section 42(3) of the Supreme Court Act 1981 is a lottery with the mere prospect of being granted such leave by some judges and being refused in many cases under the same circumstances by other judges leading to uncertainty of outcome.

(g) The provisions of section 42(3) of the Supreme Court Act 1981 therefore lack sufficient certainty and reasonable foreseeability in their ensuing and possible effects.

21. As a result the Appellant should either :-

(a) Have the said Civil Proceedings Order made against him set aside by this Honourable Court.

(b) This Honourable Court should grant the Appellant under section 4(2) of the Human Rights Act 1998 a Declaration of Incompatibility in respect of section 42 of the Supreme Court Act 1981 vis à vis article 6(1) and 10(1) of the Human Rights Act 1998 .

Further or in the alternative :-

(c) Hold that if section 42 of the Supreme Court Act 1981 is incompatible with article 6(1) and 10(1) of the Human Rights Act 1998 for the reasons set out herein then those provisions repeal section 42 of the Supreme Court Act 1981 as a result of the later enactment of the said Human Rights Act 1998.

(d) Hold that the Declaration of Incompatibility relief under section 4(2) of the Human Rights Act 1998 is only applicable to statutes passed after the enactment and/or implementation by Statutory Instrument of that Act.

Attorney General v Covey (Court of Appeal)
Attorney General v Covey (Queen’s Bench)
COVEY - SKELETON ARGUMENT (COURT OF APPEAL)
COVEY - SKELETON ARGUMENT (QUEEN’S BENCH)
To Matthews (related judgment)
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